Professional Studies in Nursing for Hamper Patient-myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theProfessional Studies in Nursingfor Hamper Patient Safety. Answer: From the situation 3, it is clear that it is instance of wrong-tolerant medicine blunder (Galanter et al., 2013). In the situation, Sally gave wrong drug to Mrs Thompson in bed 3A that was planned for Mrs Thomas in bed 3B. This kind of prescription mistake during organization and translation hamper quiet wellbeing. The medicine was directed for an off-base patient with comparable name. The drugs were nutrients and aperients; Sally gives the correct medicine to Mrs Thompson in bed 3A. Thinking about the entire situation, it very well may be expressed that Sallys approach of least said soonest patched wasn't right. Clearly clinical blunder can happen in nursing calling, be that as it may, as a human services proficient, one has the obligation to satisfy the prerequisite of Professional Code of Conduct and Ethics and not hurt any patient. Albeit, Sally uncovered the drug blunder to the patient, it was her duty to report the episode to the concerned position. In spite of the fact that, the mistake didn't bring about a possibly genuine occasion, it was as yet a blunder. Under the Conduct Statement 2 of NMBA, Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia, medical attendants have the obligation to work in understanding of upgrading quiet wellbeing under their arrangement of care (Nursing and birthing assistance leading group of Australia, 2018). They ought to perform skillful and safe consideration identified with quality and security in human services. Episode detailing and wellbeing documentation is significant for occasion examination like drug mistake and open revelation of systems. Under the Value Statement 6 of NMBA, Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia, medical attendants have the obligation to participate in advancing a culture of wellbeing condition that lessen unfavorable occasions frequency and bolster open revelation (Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia, 2017). Thusly, from the episode, it very well may be reasoned that medical caretakers need to act to forestall or control blunders and antagonistic occurrences in their clinical settings and decrease danger of damage. Aside from detailing of mistakes, medical attendants ought to likewise hold fast to moral standards of usefulness where they ought to embrace activities that forestall or expel blunders guaranteeing understanding wellbeing. References Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia. (2018).5_New-Code-of-Ethics-for-Nurses-. Recovered 7 March 2018, from https://record://C:/Users/user00/Downloads/5_New-Code-of-Ethics-for-Nurses-August-2008%20(3).PDF Galanter, W., Falck, S., Burns, M., Laragh, M., Lambert, B. L. (2013). Sign based endorsing forestalls wrong-understanding medicine mistakes in mechanized supplier request passage (CPOE).Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,20(3), 477-481. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001555 Standard of work on, Nursing and maternity care leading body of Australia, (2018). Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia. Recovered 7 March 2018, from https://document://C:/Users/user00/Downloads/1798150_1830561517_Nursing-and-Midwifery-Board - .PDF

Imagination has the power to encourage

Creative mind has the ability to support When strolling In the kitchen you hear the strides tap ring thump, tap clunk crash from a youngster age twenty-three, tall, lean yet not very fragile. Continuation strides entering the sauteâ © station, container moving side to side, gas burner being continually gone to high or low, and tongs being flipped around all incident In a rapidly movement. Top gourmet expert strolls In says, â€Å"Get to work, start with Immaculate the sauteâ © station right away. Truly, chef†, He immediately answered. Wishing, whooshing, faultless swiping, getting dry the dishes. He moans, inclining toward the kitchen counter, eyes concentrating on the delightful food being made over the kitchen by top culinary specialist, wanting to be Just as extraordinary as he may be. Diminishing ceaselessly however into his ideal dreamland he abruptly is incredibly gifted with culinary craftsmanship perfect works of art looking like genuine workmanship, fabulous smellin g the fragrant yet exquisite and tasting the deliciousness, rich scrumptious labors.His top cook intrigue by his masterpiece, bewilderment of energy all into the food. €Å"i have a significant declaration to make, would you say you are on the whole tuning in? ‘ Top Chef says Immediately charged. Rapidly everybody stop Immediately and takes a gander at cook. â€Å"I'm choosing to give somebody an advancement to be top culinary expert, whose win It. This individual stunning, capable, and passionate†, Chef depicts. He contemplates internally, â€Å"I'm going to be top cook; I will be top chef†. â€Å"The new top cook Is†¦ Bout to report by top culinary expert himself. Somebody approach him and snap, snap he in a flash comes out from his ideal dreamland. â€Å"Get to cleaning† His colleague says. He keeps on purging, completing he goes into a vacant station, subtly and starts to consolidated flavors, testing them. He's urges to substantiate himself to top culinary expert by doing this and effectively he could intrigue his top gourmet specialist. With enough exertion and difficult work, in any event, testing could all prompt fruitful/incredible things.

The Psychology of Secondary Reinforcement

The Psychology of Secondary Reinforcement Theories Behavioral Psychology Print The Psychology of Secondary Reinforcement By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on January 19, 2020  Michael H/Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Secondary reinforcement refers to a situation in which a stimulus reinforces a behavior after it has been associated with a primary reinforcer. For example: When you give your dog a food treat and tell him good boy, hes getting both the primary stimulus of the treat and the secondary reinforcement of the verbal praise. While the primary reinforcers are biological in nature, secondary reinforcers require association with these innate reinforcers before they can produce a response. So, your dog may not associate the verbal praise with a reward unless you combine it with the food treat. Reinforcement and Operant Conditioning? By rewarding certain behaviors, were encouraging the behaviors in the future.?? However, not all reinforcers are the same. Some can be more motivating than others. The dog from our earlier example is more likely to be highly motivated by a primary reinforcer like a treat than a pat on the head ?because food satisfies a strong biological need. If the dogs trainer wanted to pair that food with some type of secondary reinforcement such as the sound of a whistle, the sound of the whistle would eventually become associated with the food and serve as a form of secondary reinforcement. Secondary Reinforcement vs. Primary Reinforcements The primary reinforcers?? occur naturally and do not need to be learned. Examples of primary reinforcers include things that satisfy basic survival needs such as water, food, sleep, air, and sex. Money is one example of secondary reinforcement. Money can be used to reinforce behaviors because it can be used to acquire primary reinforcers such as food, clothing, and shelter (among other things). Secondary reinforcement is also known as conditioned reinforcement. More Examples of Secondary Reinforcement Token economies?? are another good example of how secondary reinforcement can be used in operant conditioning. Token economies involve rewarding people with tokens, chips or stars for good behaviors. These token can then be exchanged for other items that the individual desires. Parents, teachers, and therapists frequently utilize this type of reinforcement to encourage children and clients to engage in adaptive behaviors. While they have no inherent reinforcement value in and of themselves, such tokens can be used to purchase primary reinforcers such as soda pops, candy, and other privileges. Once this association has been made, the tokens themselves become reinforcing. Advantages of Secondary Reinforcement So, what are the advantages of using secondary reinforcement? Why not just skip the trouble of forming an association and simply use primary reinforcement instead? As you can probably already imagine, primary reinforcers are only reinforcing if the subject is in a state of deprivation. A dog is unlikely to perform tricks in exchange for a treat if the animal is full and satiated. A child is unlikely to clean her room to receive a treat if she just finished eating lunch. Utilizing secondary reinforcement allows the trainer to continue to deliver reinforcement even if the subject does not have any biological needs at the moment. This form of reinforcement is less susceptible to satiation, so it provides the opportunity to deliver reinforcement at any time. What Is Reinforcement and How Is It Used in Psychology?

Critical Appraisal Of A Qualitative Research Article

Critical appraisal of a qualitative research article. The qualitative article being appraised is by Martin and Woods (2012) using the CASP tool qualitative framework (CASP 2013). These tools have been validated to ensure that studies can be assessed in a consistent way assessing the trustworthiness of the research article (Aveyard, 2014) Qualitative research can often be labelled as biased and anecdotal however Anderson (2010) argues that when carried out rigorously it can be unbiased, in-depth and creditable, in fact becoming a leading research method for evidence based nursing. White (2006) explains that when the research is based on people’s perceptions then qualitative research is appropriate, it aids in developing an understanding for peoples understanding, feelings values and opinions. Qualitative research seeks to develop explanations for social trends/events, thus encouraging detail and depth whilst creating openness (Bamberger, 2000). In addition IVONNE (2004) reasons that qualitative research gives brand new insights by providing differing ideas on current practices. On the other hand, Abawl (2008) highlights that data collection can be very time consuming, open to interpretation and consequently influenced by researcher bias. CASP sets out a series of questions that can be used to critically appraise qualitative research, and help to identify if the article contains bias, is relevant and creditable. The purpose of the study was to investigate the motivation ofShow MoreRelatedQualitative Research Article Critical Appraisal3282 Words   |  14 PagesQualitative Research Article Critical Appraisal Overview A study by Chu, Wodchis, and McGilton (2014) revealed a one year turnover rate as high as 85.5% for Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) and 55.4% for Registered Nurses (RNs) in long term care. In addition to this alarming statistic, in North Dakota alone, long term care facilities reported 669 open nursing positions in November of 2016 (NDLTCA, 2016). McGilton, Boscart, Brown, and Bowers (2014) noted that this mounting concern is associatedRead MoreEssay on Critical Appraisal1662 Words   |  7 Pages Appraisal 1 Critical Appraisal by Gemekia C. Parker A Paper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for NU 608 EBP Quality Improvement in Health Care Systems University of South Alabama College of Nursing Fall 2010 Appraisal 2 Introduction Critical appraisal is the process of systematically examining research evidence to assess its validity, results, and relevance. (Hill, 2001) Critical appraisal of research is preformedRead MoreNurses Perceptions Of Acute Care Placements1709 Words   |  7 PagesFaculty for Intensive Care Medicine ‘Core Standards for Intensive Care Units (CSICU) (2013) state s that each critical unit must have a dedicated Clinical Nurse Educator who is responsible for coordinating the education of both current nursing staff and students. As well as this the Clinical Nurse Educator will also ensure all student nurses have the opportunity to be placed in a critical or acute care setting (CSICU, 2013). Doucette et al (2011) has identified 3 major beneficial influences on futureRead MoreCritical Appraisal Of A Qualitative Research Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pages Critical Appraisal of a Qualitative Research Article A critical appraisal of the article by Batch Windsor (2015) was completed to assess the value of this qualitative research study. This was accomplished through the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). The CASP tool is used to evaluate and clarify if these proposed research topics have merit. The tool resulted in the assessment that this article is useful, particularly within the nursing profession. Nonetheless, portions of thisRead MoreEvaluation Of A Qualitative Research Tool Critical Appraisal1642 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Young and Solomon (2009) critical appraisal is a systematic process which can identify both, the strengths and weaknesses of a research study. During this process the reader is able to assess studies’ usefulness and whether or not the findings are trustworthy, it also supports in decision making in terms of whether to apply the study’s results in practice The aim of this paper is to critically appraise two qualitative research papers. The appraisal includes discussion of the authors, titleRead MoreCritical appraisal987 Words   |  4 Pages Research Critique, Part 1 Grand Canyon University: NUR 433V March 15, 2015 Introduction Critical appraisal of a research study demonstrates an understanding of the research study being conducted. This paper will review a qualitative research study designed to explore the lived experience of lay presence during adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in primary and secondary environments of care from a healthcare provider’s (HCP) perspective. The in-depth critical appraisalRead MoreArticle Critique 11374 Words   |  6 Pagescritique of the article Supporting Families through Discharge from PICU to the Ward: the Development and Evaluation of a Discharge Information Brochure for Families by Sophie Linton, Chelsea Grant, and Juliet Pellegrini, published in Intensive and Critical Care Nursing (2008, vol. 24). The critiquing framework used is the Qualitative Appraisal Tool in Critical Appraisal Skills Programme because it has several questions relating to assumptions or principles which characterize qualitative research (NursingRead MoreHealth Promotion Model : A Meta Synthesis1303 Words   |  6 Pages Critical Analysis of a Published Research Article Ho, A.Y.K., Berggren, I., Dahlborg-Lyckhage, E. (2010). Diabetes empowerment related to Pender’s Health Promotion Model: A meta-synthesis. Nursing and Health Sciences (2010), 12, 259–267 Title Evaluation The title of this article â€Å"Diabetes empowerment related to Pender’s Health Promotion Model: A meta-synthesis† has been to-the-point and has been definite. The title has hinted at the way the research would be conducted withoutRead MoreA Research Study Of Nurses Beliefs And Practice1395 Words   |  6 Pagesexploratory qualitative study of nurses’ beliefs and practice, is a research article chosen for this essay. This critical review will include an appraisal of the designated sections of the research paper, provide a realistic and practical explanation linking findings to clinical practice, as well as a personal reflection on how the process of appraisal of evidence from the article has increased my knowledge. The title and abstract of the article is clear, concise and congruent with the article. The titleRead MoreWhat Factors Are Involved in the Increasing Prevalence of Type II Diabetes in Adolescents living in Sub-Saharan Africa?1279 Words   |  6 Pagesof the problem posed by type II diabetes. - Estimating the prevalence of type II diabetes among adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa. - Identifying possible risk factors. - Making evidence based conclusions and recommendations for practice or further research. INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a deadly disease in many parts of the world. It is a disease condition that is usually characterized with an elevated blood glucose level. Researchers over the years have worked to determine the metabolic pathways

On Feminism and ‘the Yellow Wallpaper’ by Charlotte Gilman

On Feminism and ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ by Charlotte Gilman On the poets forum Feminism is based on the assumption that women have the same human, political and social rights as men, furthermore, that women should have the same opportunities as men in their personal choices regarding careers, politics and expression. A feminist text states the author’s agenda for women in society as they relate to oppression by a patriarchal power structure and the subsequent formation of social ‘standards’ and ‘protocols’. A feminist text will be written by a woman, and it will point out deficiencies in society regarding equal opportunity, and the reader will typically be aware of this motive. In a work of fiction, the main character, or heroine,†¦show more content†¦In the world of yellow wallpaper, a woman would naturally be fascinated by a garden. Gilman’s character is a naà ­ve, faithful wife who does as her husband instructs her to. She blames herself for being ‘unreasonably angry’ and is critical of her nervo us disorder, as she is pressured to think so by her husband and doctors. Despite her intuitive objections, she agrees to treatment for her depression because her husband wishes her to. It is the wallpaper, though, that is the focal-point of the story, and it holds within it many descriptive and fruitful metaphors for the insidious discrimination and oppression of women. With steady patience and a methodical rhythm, Gilman exposes more and more insight into the meaning of the wallpaper throughout the story. She uses a slow and steady pace to release tidbits of metaphor that clue the reader to see the wallpaper as a symbol of male authority. The main character’s fascination with the ugly paper begins as an innocent annoyance, builds to a pastime, and crescendos to an obsession. The beauty of the story, however, is that this build-up is very subtle, and only after reflection and contemplation can the symbols of the wallpaper be seen. Indeed, the character in the story cannot recognize them herself, and it is the struggle to see what is in the wallpaper that moves the reader along. The text isShow MoreRelatedInsanity and Feminism in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman504 Words   |  3 PagesInsanity and Feminism in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman reflects the intense struggle with of a woman during the late 1800’s. However, as the story unfolds, we realize the reasons for this insanity and the connections of this breakdown to the main character’s husband, John. What we discover is the way women were treated during the late 1800’s and the significance of this treatment on their lives. The storyRead MoreFeminism Of An Hour And Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper1596 Words   |  7 Pages Evelyn Gomez Mrs. Kehrmeyer AP English 11 3 December 2014 Feminism in the 1960 s Feminism is the push for woman’s rights considering their political, social and economic equality to men. The feminist movement of the 1960 s demonstrated how women demanded equal rights since they wanted to be included into the world around them not only as mothers and house wives but as a vital part society. Women realized there were more opportunities for them in the world rather than staying home cleaning andRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is Centered Around Individualism and Feminism644 Words   |  3 PagesIn â€Å"the Yellow Wallpaper† theme is centered around individuality and feminism. The woman in the story is suffering with depression but does not know how to deal with her illness due to her husband insensitivity and lack of belief of her illness. During this time period women were oppressed and were to be â€Å"seen and not heard.† Women were not seen as an equal individual to men but more like children. It is very clear that the wife is made inferior to her husband John. By him being a physicianRead MoreSexism and Feminism in the Late 1800s in accordance with The White Heron by Sarah Orne Jewett and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins-Gilman1483 Words   |  6 Pagesright to vote, equal pay, and all around equality is what they demanded. But feminism was not only found at suffrage rallys or Grange meetings, it made its way in to every medium, including literature. A bit more subtle than rallys and protests, short stories were an effective tool for a feminist with the disposition for exposition. Among these women wordsmiths were Charlotte Perkins Gilman, author of The Yellow Wallpaper, and Sarah Orne Jewett who wrote A White Heron. Both of these stories focusRead MoreWomen During The Nineteenth Century Essay991 Words   |  4 PagesWomen began standing up for themselves using literature in the nineteenth century. The time periods of the feminism booms were called waves. There are three waves of feminism starting f rom the nineteenth century to now. They all occurred in the United Kingdom, Britain, France, and the United States. These waves lead to women getting closer to being treated equal to men. The first wave was in the United Kingdom and the United States within the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. ThisRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthat wallpaper as I did?† the woman behind the pattern was an image of herself. She has been the one â€Å"stooping and creeping.† The Yellow Wallpaper was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the story, three characters are introduced, Jane (the narrator), John, and Jennie. The Yellow Wallpaper is an ironic story that takes us inside the mind and emotions of a woman suffering a slow mental breakdown. The narrator begins to think that another woman is creeping around the room behind the wallpaper, attemptingRead MoreDepiction Of Gender Roles And The Stigma Of Mental Illness1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe depiction of gender roles and the stigma of mental illness in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† can be elucidated in different ways. When reading the a ctual piece, the narrator really does seem to have a very difficult time in her life. It is obvious through several of the articles that she has had a difficult time trying to find her identity, and it has shown through her mental stability. The comparison of the Panopticon method and Gilman’s own experiences helps to provide a clearer view as to what sheRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman885 Words   |  4 Pagesthere has been a stigma around mental illness and feminism. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the 1900’s. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has many hidden truths within the story. The story was an embellished version her own struggle with what was most likely post-partum depression. As the story progresses, one can see that she is not receiving proper treatment for her depression and thus it is getting worse. Gilman uses the wallpaper and what she sees in it to symbolize her desireRead MoreCh arlotte Perkins Gilm Domestic Insanity And Feminism1072 Words   |  5 PagesMelanie Bottini ENGL 222 TTh 11:30 AM Chris Ruiz-Velasco 10 February 2014 Charlotte Perkins Gilman – Domestic Insanity and Feminism Charlotte Perkins Gilman was an author who lived from 1860 to 1935 who represents the movement of American women towards intellectual freedom and empowerment during the turn of the century. Gilman was a great lecturer who used her fame to spread her ideas across the country, speaking at various organizations at cities from coast to coast. She was also a poet, novelistRead MoreAnalysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1073 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman can be interpreted in many ways. Some scholars debate that it is written as an autobiography, some say it is an isolated work, a complete fantasy, or simply just a feminist uprising. One particular scholar even relates the feminism aspect with a feline creature within one scene of the story (Golden 1). Although there are many aspects throughout the text that represent feminism, the main theme that shines through is the story of a woman

Cartesian Compromise Free Essays

Cartesian Compromise: Bridging Psyche and Soma Fionna Larcom History and Systems of Psychology Cartesian Compromise: Bridging Psyche and Soma Introduction In 1995, Blaine M. Yorgason published the true story of his adopted daughter, Charity. One Tattered Angel captures the Mind/Body Problem, proclaiming the existence of the spirit (mind) and challenging the connection to the body. We will write a custom essay sample on Cartesian Compromise or any similar topic only for you Order Now On August 31, 1988 the Yorgason family was asked whether they would foster a newborn who â€Å"has some health problems. †(Yorgason, 1995, p. 8) Yorgason’s first impression description of Charity is that of a tiny, adorable infant, who was perfect – at least on the outside. The family agreed to take her into their home – following some medical tests ordered by social services. The nature of Charity’s health issue was revealed accidentally by a family friend. When Kathy told her we had a new foster baby, she began waxing eloquent over a tiny baby that had been born at her hospital a couple of days before. â€Å"She was so cute! † she exclaimed. Even though she didn’t have a brain, she was the most alert baby in the nursery, holding her head up and looking around just like she knew what she was doing. † (Yorgason, 1995, p. 34) Charity had been born without a brain but with an intact brain stem. The autonomic nervous system, used e xclusively by newborn babies, is controlled by the brain stem. This was what gave Charity the illusion of normality; an illusion which would shatter in a few short weeks when function control would shift to the two hemispheres of the brain. Philosophical Mind- Body Dualism From the Materialist perspective, a perspective that denies the existence of a psyche, Charity’s physical limitations would suggest no mind, thus no spirit, no personality; Yorgason would disagree. In her seven years of life, Charity defied the medical assertion that she â€Å"has very little potential for development beyond the infant stage. † (Yorgason, 1995, p. 43). In her own small ways; her music preferences, her joy at taking a bath, and the radiant smile that attracted strangers, Charity echoed Descartes claim that â€Å"I exist† (Descartes, n. d. ). Descartes concluded that his existence â€Å"did not require any place, or depend on any material thing† therefore, his existence (mind and consciousness) existed on a plane outside of his physical body. The Principle of Nonidentity of Discernibles subscribes to the basic principle that â€Å"if two things do not have exactly the same properties, then they are not identical. (Lanhead, 2006, p. 209) While this may seem a reasonable premise, closer analysis finds that adherence to â€Å"this strict definition of identity, [allows that] so-called identical twins are different persons who have some very basic similarities, if nothing else, they differ (or are discernible) because they occupy different portions of space. † (Lanhead, 2006, p. 209) Psychological Mind-Body Dualism The mind/body problem has evolved and diversified since the time of Descartes. One source of confusion – and ultimately contention between the differing concepts of dualism – is the inability to test nonphysical properties using the scientific principles of the physical world. While Philosophy has the luxury to entertain beliefs not yet supported by science, Psychology is not as flexible. In its quest for scientific validity, the ‘field’ of Psychology is in constant danger of neglecting the unique and unpredictable nature of human behavior. This danger has escalated in recent years as a result of advances in neuroscience and brain functionality but also from the blending of psychiatry and analytical psychology, i. e. psychoanalysis. W. W. Meissner addresses this blending in his 2007 article, Mind, Brain, and Self in Psychoanalysis, adding the psychological perspective to J. B Martin’s The Integration of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience in the 21st Century. Martin comments: â€Å"A conjoined effort of neurologists and psychiatrists s necessary to understand how a disease of the brain results in an illness of the mind. Clinical attempts to categorize diseases as ‘organic’ or ‘functional’ become somewhat arbitrary† (p. 698) analysts can take this to imply that psychoanalytic efforts to envision pathogenic processes as exclusively mental and not simultaneously neurobiological are not only arbitrary but also increasingly obsolete, and this is not merely in areas of research and theory, but in the clinical work with patients as well. Meissner, 2007) Meissner and Martin may believe it arbitrary to source a diagnosis from the scientific perspective, however a clear understanding of whether an issue is based in the body or the mind is invaluable when it comes to treatment, thus the enduring question of dualism. Isomorphism The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science asserts that â€Å"there is [a] general agreement that having a body is at least a part of the nature of being human. It is the mind (psyche, soul) – the question of whether such an entity exists, and how to define it – that is the crux of the mind/body problem. (Reuder, 2001, p. 961) The Berlin School of Gestalt Psychology chose not to define the mind, but rather ascertain the physical properties associated with actual somatic experiences compared with the cognitive (thought) experience, for example, the perception of being in motion while not actually in motion. W hat they found was that the form and structure of the biophysical and electrochemical processes of the brain were identical; the ‘brain’ in the physical sense could not tell the difference. Nonphysical Law The Mind/Body Problem is puzzling, granted, however from the psychological point view – the non-therapeutic point of view, there is no difference between the mind and the body. The body will react whether the stimulus originates in the physical or nonphysical realm. The challenge comes in the form of true objectivity. It is easy to dismiss that which cannot be explained, it is also easy to believe that physical law is somehow superior or has more validity to its mysterious nonphysical counterpart. For Blaine M. Yorgason, a tattered angel opened his ‘mind’. References Reuder, M. E. (2001). The Mind-Body Problem. In Craighead, W. E. Nemeroff, C. B. (Eds. ). The Cosini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science (3rd Ed). New York: John Wiley Sons. Lanhead, W. F. (2006). The Philosophical Journey: An Interactive Approach (3rd Ed). New York: McGraw-Hill Meissner, W. W. (2007). Mind, Brain, and Self in Psychoanalysis: Therapeutic Implications of the Mind-Body Relation. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 2007, Vol. 24, No. 2, 333-354. Yorgason, B. M. (1995) One Tattered Angel. Utah: Gentle Breeze Publications. How to cite Cartesian Compromise, Papers

Christopher Marlowes Contribution to English Drama free essay sample

It was in the fifteenth century that tragedy came to English dramatic field. This was due to the Revival of Learning in Europe commonly referred to as the Renaissance and the translation of great Italian tragedies. Italian Renaissance exercised a vital influence on the development of English Drama. The first English tragedy was Gorboduc (1565) by Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville. In style and treatment of theme Seneca was very much their model. Although this tragedy showed some innovation, yet most of the Senecan qualities such as long speeches, ghosts, gruesome murders and talks and talks were very much there. The tragedies that followed Seneca had the same qualities and properties. It required the mighty efforts of a genius to free the Elizabethan Drama from the worst features of the Senecan tragedies and it was Christopher Marlowe who has achieved this foundation for the realm of English Dramatic Literature. There are umpteen characteristic of Marlovian tragedies. In discussing Marlowe, we can point out how he formulated the English Drama and especially Tragedy which was improved upon and perfected by a genius like Shakespeare who owes Marlowe for all his greatness and grandeur. Because had there been no Marlowe, there would have been no Shakespeare. It is also due to Marlowe that English Drama for the first time was bestirred with the vigorous poetry and passion. He has rightly been called the Morning Star of English Drama. Marlow’s Great Tragic Heroes: The first great thing done by Marlowe was to break away from the medieval conception of Tragedy. The Medieval Drama was a game of the princes and imperial classes – the kings and Queens and their rise an fall. But it was left to Marlowe to evolve and create the real tragic hero. All of his tragic heroes are of humble parentage, Tamburlaine, Barabas in the Jew of Malta and Faustus, but they are endowed with great tragic and heroic qualities. His tragedy is a tragedy of one man – his rise and fall, his fate and actions and finally his death for his own failings and incapacities. All the other characters fade into insignificance besides the towering personality and the glory and grandeur of the tragic hero. Even various incidents revolve round the hero. His heroes are men fired with indomitable passion and inordinate ambition. His Tamburlaine is in full-flooded pursuit of military and political power, his Faustus sells his soul to the Devil to attain ultimate power through knowledge and gain the deity and His Jew of Malta discards all sense of human values with his blind aspirations. What Marlowe depicts and dramatizes is that all his mighty and towering heroes with all their sky-high designs and aspirations ultimately fall into failure and doom exhibiting their tragic and doomed end. Herein lies the greatness of Marlowe. Working of a passion: We have previously studied that Marlowe’s heroes are dominated by the inordinate desires and passions. These passions take the form of wealth, spirit of learning, high power. Through these, Marlowe imparts vehemence, fire and force in the drama. But in this way, we may trace the distinct influence of Machiavelli on Marlowe. Marlowe must have read his famous book, The Prince and derived this idea of ambition and spirit from him. Marlowe discarded the old concept of tragedy as decent from greatness to misery and supplanted it greatness by the greatness of individual worth. His heroes truly reflect the new Spirit of Learning because he himself was the product of Renaissance. The Inner Conflict: Another great achievement of Marlowe was to introduce the element of conflict in the tragic hero especially in Dr. Faustus and Edward II. The conflict may be on the physical or spiritual plane. The spiritual and moral conflict takes place in the heart of man and this is of much greater significance and much more poignant than the former. And a great tragedy most powerfully reveals the emotional conflict or moral agony of the mighty hero. In the realm of England’s dramatic literature, Dr. Faustus may be reckoned the first spiritual tragedy or the tragedy of the soul. In this epoch-making drama, true and deep moral agonies and painful spiritual conflict has been superbly laid bare before us by Marlowe. Like the old Greek heroes, Marlovian Heroes are not helpless puppets in the hands of Fate and they are never destined by gods. They have free thinking of religion and carve their way themselves. The tragic end they meet is caused by the tragic flaw in their personalities and they achieve this end through their actions. This is the greatest contribution of Marlowe to the English Drama. Moral Conception: It was Marlowe who first discarded the medieval conception of tragedy as it was distinctly a moral one. In old Morality Plays, the purpose was to simply inculcate a moral lesson by showing the fall of the hero. There is no such thing in Marlovian plays. The main interest centers on the sky-touching personality of the heroes with their tremendous efforts to attain the limit and their rise and fall in their struggle. Blank Verse: Another great achievement of Marlowe was to introduce a new type of blank verse in his tragedies. A new spirit of poetry was breathed into the artificial and monotonous verse of the old days. In fact, the whole of Elizabethan Drama was enliven by a new poetic grandeur. Seriousness and Concentration: Another notable characteristic of Marlowe’s work is seriousness and concentration on the theme and there is complete lack of humor. According to many critics, the clownish scenes and the other absurdities were interpolated by the later authors. There are also no women characters in Marlowe’s works, this is also a typical quality of his. The episodes of Helen in Dr. Faustus and other female figures in other plays are only shadows or figure-heads. Most of these features may also be regarded as the drawbacks, however; it was Marlowe’s distinct way of writing which is typical of him. Or perhaps, for these reasons, he couldn’t reach the towering high plane of fame as did Shakespeare. But we must remember that he was a pioneer and path-finder. He was the Columbus of a new literary World in England. It is due to Marlowe that we have Shakespeare whom we know and read, but had Marlowe not written such these works, there would have been Shakespeare, but no the one we know today. Shakespeare, without him, would have been only another writer.