Hepatitis E

Question: Write an essay onHepatitis E. Answer: Hepatitis E is a liver disease, which is due to the Hepatitis E virus. The Hepatitis E virus is a non-enveloped, positive-sense and single-stranded ribonucleic acid or RNA virus. Hepatitis E virus infection is a significant public health concern internationally. The contamination route of the Hepatitis E virus in the body is through the contaminated drinking water and foods. Therefore, this serves as a food borne disease. Hepatitis E is common in regions having problems of water supply and inadequate environmental sanitation (Givens et al. 2016). This self-limiting disease gets resolved within four to six weeks. In some of the cases, the adverse effect of the Hepatitis E virus causes acute liver failure. Hepatitis E is found worldwide and is a global health concern. The various genotypes of this virus determine differences in epidemiology. The genotype 1 HEV is one of the endemics in the developing parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. Whereas the genotype 2 HEV is frequent in pa rts of Mexico, Chad, and Nigeria as well. The outbreak of the sporadic causes for the Hepatitis E, and this frequently causes in the resource limited countries with a scarcity of essential water, sanitation, hygiene and health care. The incubation period of the virus is about eight weeks and a mean of 40 days and shows the symptoms such as jaundice, anorexia, nausea, and fever, etc. It has been found by the National Institute of Health that majority of the people who are suffering from the infection are majorly of adults and have other illnesses too. Moreover the organ transplantation, chronic liver injury, liver cirrhosis are the vulnerable facts responsible for the infection (Hoofnagle et al. 2012). There are some social factors too, which enhances the worldwide infection of Hepatitis E. The inequalities are influenced by gender, location, and ethnicity, etc. The media do still not supervise some of the parts of the world or the medical help as the parts are under developed and pr imitive. Therefore, appropriate media should cover each area so that the health issues related to this life-threatening infective disease. Various types of laws and policies are being developed with the motive to reduce the infection of the Hepatitis E virus. Other than this, different medications are introduced to reduce the infective scenario of this life-threatening disease. Therefore, in this way social factors are also playing the crucial role in health issue such as Hepatitis E (Singh et al. 2013). The other factors that are included with the infective disease caused by the hepatitis E virus are environmental factors, economical factors, etc. The environmental factors play a vital role in assessing the effects of the E hepatitis issues. Water hygiene and sanitation can be affected by many factors related to environment such as urbanization and increase water demand as the result of growing population density. Also, climate change plays roles in influence food production capaci ty. There are comprehensive approaches towards the infective disease of the Hepatitis E (Koning et al. 2013). The primary prevention is one of the main factors included in the implementation of the infective disease. The primary preventions are: Taking control on the precaution for the disease; managing for the safe foods and water which would provide protection to the people so that the contamination does not harm the people; increment of the hepatitis E virus vaccines so that the countries are freed from this life-threatening infectious disease; promotion of the blood safety level so that the contamination does not affect the people while blood transfusion. The secondary preventions include diagnosis of the hepatitis E and supply the patient with good medications; introduction of the proper screening of the disease and provide the people with blood donation and early diagnosis. The secondary prevention generally includes when the people have become the patients of the disease acut ely, or are suffering from the preliminary symptoms of the hepatitis E viral disease (Kamar et al. 2012). Therefore due to the emergency of the life-threatening disease caused by the hepatitis E virus must be controlled with the help of the government and the steps which would help the people to remain prevented from or undergo a good treatment for the hepatitis E disease. Different levels of the surveillance program by the government are introduced, and it gave detail into how the intervention would deliver the targeted population. It also gave sustainable programs for improving water quality and sanitation in the affected area. These supportive actions are the vital programs, which has helped the world to reduce the disease (Kamar et al. 2014). References: Givens, C.E., Kolpin, D.W., Borchardt, M.A., Duris, J.W., Moorman, T.B. and Spencer, S.K., 2016. Detection of hepatitis E virus and other livestock-related pathogens in Iowa streams.Science of The Total Environment. Hoofnagle, J.H., Nelson, K.E. and Purcell, R.H., 2012. Hepatitis E.New England Journal of Medicine,367(13), pp.1237-1244. Kamar, N., Bendall, R., Legrand-Abravanel, F., Xia, N.S., Ijaz, S., Izopet, J. and Dalton, H.R., 2012. Hepatitis e.The Lancet,379(9835), pp.2477-2488. Kamar, N., Dalton, H.R., Abravanel, F. and Izopet, J., 2014. Hepatitis E virus infection.Clinical microbiology reviews,27(1), pp.116-138. Koning, L., Pas, S.D., Robert, A., Balk, A.H., de Knegt, R.J., Fiebo, J., Osterhaus, A.D. and van der Eijk, A.A., 2013. Clinical implications of chronic hepatitis E virus infection in heart transplant recipients.The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation,32(1), pp.78-85. Singh, G.K.J., Ijaz, S., Rockwood, N., Farnworth, S.P., Devitt, E., Atkins, M., Tedder, R. and Nelson, M., 2013. Chronic Hepatitis E as a cause for cryptogenic cirrhosis in HIV.Journal of Infection,66(1), pp.103-106.